Last updated: 8 March 2026
Income Tax · Section 10(13A)

What is HRA
Exemption?

Most salaried employees receive HRA every month without knowing how much of it actually reduces their tax. The answer rests on three figures — and only the smallest one counts.

Key Numbers at a Glance
50%
Metro Cities CapDelhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata — HRA exempt up to 50% of basic
40%
All Other CitiesBengaluru, Pune, Hyderabad and everywhere else — 40% of basic
3
Criteria, Lowest WinsThe exempt amount is always the minimum of three computed values
₹1L
PAN ThresholdAnnual rent above ₹1 lakh requires submitting landlord's PAN

The exemption, without the obfuscation

HRA sits inside your salary as a designated component for housing costs. Part is taxable. Part is not. The split depends on where you live and how much rent you pay.

House Rent Allowance is a standard part of the salary structure for most salaried employees in India. It shows up separately on every payslip. For employees living in rented accommodation, a portion of it escapes income tax entirely.

This benefit is encoded in Section 10(13A) of the Income Tax Act, 1961. It is not a deduction you claim separately — it is excluded from gross total income before your taxable salary is computed. That makes it more efficacious in its effect than most deductions under Chapter VI-A.

The exemption is not available to self-employed individuals. They have a separate provision under Section 80GG. It is also not available if you own the house you live in — even if HRA forms part of your CTC.

⚖️
Section 10(13A) · Rule 2A Income Tax Act, 1961 · Income Tax Rules
The Three-Criterion Rule
1
Actual HRA Received
The HRA component paid by your employer during the year, as shown on payslips
2
50% or 40% of Basic Salary
50% for metro cities (Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata) · 40% for everywhere else
3
Rent Paid Minus 10% of Basic
Total annual rent paid, less 10% of basic salary (and DA where applicable)
Exempt = Minimum of the three values above

Work out your exempt amount

Enter your annual figures. The calculator applies the three-criterion rule and shows the breakdown instantly.

Breakdown
Actual HRA Received
50% of Basic (Metro)
Rent − 10% of Basic
Exempt Amount (Minimum)
₹ —
Enter values above to calculate

This is an estimate based on the three-criterion rule under Section 10(13A). DA is excluded unless your employment terms specify otherwise. Consult your payroll team or a tax professional for finalised figures.

Metro vs Non-Metro — why it matters

The second criterion changes by city type. Only four cities carry the metro designation under this provision, regardless of how steep rents are elsewhere.

50%
of Basic Salary — Second Criterion Cap
Metro Cities
  • Delhi (and NCT)
  • Mumbai
  • Chennai
  • Kolkata

Only four cities hold this designation. The classification has not been revised since the provision was introduced.

40%
of Basic Salary — Second Criterion Cap
All Other Cities
  • Bengaluru
  • Hyderabad
  • Pune
  • Ahmedabad
  • Every other city in India

High-rent cities like Bengaluru still fall under 40%. The law has not been amended to reflect current rental realities in these markets.

Three conditions, all must hold

You cannot cherry-pick. All three need to be true simultaneously for the exemption to apply in a given period.

01
You are a salaried employee
Self-employed individuals, freelancers, and business owners cannot use Section 10(13A). They have Section 80GG instead, with its own conditions and a ₹5,000 per month ceiling.
02
HRA is part of your salary structure
If your employer does not include an explicit HRA component in your CTC, the exemption does not apply — even if you pay rent. Section 80GG is the fallback in that situation.
03
You live in rented accommodation
You must be actually paying rent. Living in your own house, a house owned by a spouse, or any dwelling where no rent passes makes the entire HRA received fully taxable.
⚠️
New Tax Regime: HRA exemption is not available. If you have opted for the new regime (default from FY 2023-24), you cannot claim this benefit. The new regime surrenders most exemptions in exchange for lower slab rates. Run the arithmetic each April before committing to your regime for the year.

What you need to substantiate the claim

Your employer will ask for proof before processing the exemption in payroll. Keep these through the financial year and retain them for at least a year after filing your return.

🧾
Rent Receipts
Monthly receipts signed by the landlord, showing the rental amount, period, and property address. Physical and digital receipts are both acceptable if properly signed.
📄
Rent Agreement
A registered or notarised leave and licence agreement stating the monthly rent and lease period. It should clearly name both parties and the property.
🪪
Landlord's PAN Card
Mandatory if annual rent exceeds ₹1 lakh (more than ₹8,333 per month). This must be submitted to your employer. The PAN links the rental income to the landlord's own tax return.
🏦
Bank Transfer Records
If you pay rent by bank transfer or UPI, statements serve as corroborating evidence. Cash payments above ₹10,000 may attract scrutiny — keeping digital payment trails is prudent.
💡
Paying rent to a parent? That is valid. Your parent must declare it as income in their own return. Paying rent to a spouse is not accepted — the income tax department treats them as a single economic unit for this purpose.

Things people usually ask

Can I claim HRA if I live in my own house?+
No. The exemption requires that you are paying rent for rented accommodation. If you own the house you live in, there is no qualifying rent outgo, and the entire HRA you receive becomes taxable.
Can I claim HRA and home loan deduction at the same time?+
Yes, in specific circumstances. If you own a property in one city but live in rented accommodation in a different city — say, your house is in Jaipur but you work and rent in Mumbai — both benefits are valid simultaneously. If you own and occupy a house in the same city where you are also claiming HRA, the department is likely to scrutinise the claim closely.
What if I move cities mid-year?+
The 50% or 40% criterion applies month by month. If you lived in Chennai for six months and Pune for the remaining six, apply 50% of basic for the Chennai tenure and 40% for Pune. The rent paid criterion is similarly prorated for each period.
What if my employer does not include HRA in my salary?+
If there is no HRA component in your salary structure, Section 10(13A) does not apply. You can instead claim a deduction under Section 80GG, subject to its conditions and a ceiling of ₹5,000 per month (₹60,000 annually).
Do I need the landlord's PAN if I pay ₹7,000 per month?+
No. The PAN requirement is triggered only when annual rent exceeds ₹1 lakh — that is more than ₹8,333 per month. At ₹7,000 per month (₹84,000 annually), you are below the threshold and the landlord's PAN is not mandatory.
Is HRA available under the new tax regime?+
No. The new tax regime, which is the default from FY 2023-24, does not permit HRA exemption. Employees who opt for the new regime cannot claim this benefit. Only those who explicitly choose the old regime can use Section 10(13A).
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Payslips that get HRA right, every month

Offrd generates payslips with accurate HRA breakdowns and salary component splits — so your employees always have the right numbers when they file their returns.